{"id":92,"date":"2023-07-29T19:56:22","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T19:56:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/painfreebirthing.com\/turk\/tarihce\/"},"modified":"2023-07-29T19:56:22","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T19:56:22","slug":"tarihce","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/painfreebirthing.com\/turk\/tarihce\/","title":{"rendered":"Tarih\u00e7e"},"content":{"rendered":"


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Do\u011fum en erken yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihten beri a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131, hayat\u0131 tehdit eden ve korkulu bir olay olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve son y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar bu \u00f6zelli\u011fini korumu\u015ftur. 1800\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131nda eter ve kloroformun anestezik etkileri ke\u015ffedildikten sonra, \u0130ngiliz papazlar\u0131n\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011fu do\u011fum mucizesinde bu insan bulu\u015funun tanr\u0131n\u0131n iste\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 bir g\u00fcnah oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Tanr\u0131 do\u011fumun a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131n\u0131 isteseydi, \u00f6yle yarat\u0131rd\u0131. Boston, Massachusetts\u2019te Massachusetts General Hospital\u2019da Morton\u2019un eterin anestezik \u00f6zelliklerini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi tarihi g\u00f6steriden 3 ay sonra ilk defa do\u011fumda modern anestezik kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. James Young Simpson da deforme kal\u00e7as\u0131 (pelvisi) olan bir kad\u0131n\u0131 dietil eter ile anesteziye etmi\u015ftir.<\/span> Krali\u00e7e Victoria, papazlardan korkmadan bir g\u00fcn do\u011fum i\u00e7in anestezik kullanmay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015f ve papazlar b\u00fcy\u00fck Berlin duvar\u0131 gibi cephe alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. ABD\u2019de do\u011fum i\u00e7in anestezi verilen ilk kad\u0131n Amerikan \u015fair Henry Wadsworth Longfellow\u2019un e\u015fi Fanny Longfellow\u2019dur. \u015eunlar\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

\u201cEteri denedi\u011fim i\u00e7in aceleci ve haylaz oldu\u011fumu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00fczg\u00fcn\u00fcm. Henry\u2019nin inanc\u0131 bana cesaret verdi ve bu kutsal olay\u0131 korkak doktorlar\u0131m\u0131zdan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck cesaretle uzatan cerrahlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerde bunun ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duymu\u015ftum\u2026Bu olay kesinlikle bu y\u0131llar\u0131n en muhte\u015fem nimetidir.\u201d<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z do\u011fuma ait ilk raporlardan sonra, iki grup aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma olan bir \u00e7a\u011f ba\u015flad\u0131. A\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z do\u011fumu uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir grup di\u011ferine kar\u015f\u0131 oldu. \u0130lk grup, t\u00fcm felaketler-kurakl\u0131k, yoksulluk, ve a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tanr\u0131sal cezalar olarak nitelendirildi\u011fine inan\u0131yordu. Kutsal kitaba g\u00f6re do\u011fum a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, tanr\u0131n\u0131n Eve\u2019i ve onun soyundan gelenleri Eden\u2019in bah\u00e7esinde kar\u015f\u0131 gelmeleri sonucu cezaland\u0131rmas\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Tanr\u0131sal cezaland\u0131rma olan a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra,  hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ve bilim ve teknolojinin yeni y\u00f6ntemleriyle kontrol etmeye a\u00e7\u0131k biyolojik olaylar oldu\u011funa inanan da vard\u0131. Doktorlar bile bu konuda ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131yordu. Doktorlarda do\u011fum i\u00e7in anestezi uygulamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 hissedilen diren\u00e7, erken d\u00f6nem obstetrik hastalar\u0131n\u0131n hevesleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndan durmu\u015ftur. A\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z do\u011fumdan yana olanlar\u0131n 2 \u00fcst\u00fcn bilim adam\u0131 vard\u0131. Bunlardan biri 19. yy filozofu John Stuart Mill\u2019dir ve \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cDo\u011fan\u0131n ac\u0131l\u0131 temsilcileri, iyiyi ancak ak\u0131l sahibi yarat\u0131klar\u0131 onlara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmeye k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtarak  geli\u015ftirirler\u201d. Di\u011fer bilim adam\u0131 James Young Simpson\u2019d\u0131r ve obstetrik anestezinin kabul g\u00f6rmesinde halk\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin rol\u00fc olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmi\u015ftir. Bu ger\u00e7ek ona kar\u015f\u0131 gelenler taraf\u0131ndan da unutulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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\u201cT\u0131p adamlar\u0131 bir s\u00fcre anestezinin do\u011fuma b\u00fcy\u00fck giri\u015fine kibirlice kar\u015f\u0131 gelebilirler. Ancak hastalar\u0131n kendisi bunun kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 zorlayacakt\u0131r. Tek soru sadece zamana kalm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131.\u201d<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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Bu kehanet y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti ve obstetrik anestezi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131, geminin dalgal\u0131 denizlerden sakin sulara girmesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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Obstetrik anestezi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde halk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeki de\u011fi\u015fiklik, y\u00fczy\u0131llarca geli\u015fen sosyal davran\u0131\u015flarda daha genel bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi hedeflemi\u015ftir. Do\u011fumda anestezikler gittik\u00e7e daha fazla kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131 ve hem annede, hem de yenido\u011fanda mortalite ve morbiditedeki azalma,  a\u011fr\u0131 olmamas\u0131na ve bunun zor do\u011fumlarda ebenin ve obstetrisyenin engelsiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131mas\u0131na k\u0131smen ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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Amerikan Obstetrik and Jinekoloji Okulu bu konudaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini \u015fu \u015fekilde onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cDo\u011fum pek \u00e7ok kad\u0131nda ciddi a\u011fr\u0131ya neden olur. \u0130nsan\u0131n bu \u015fiddette bir a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 kabul edece\u011fi ba\u015fka bir durum yoktur. Bu a\u011fr\u0131, doktor g\u00f6zetimi alt\u0131nda  g\u00fcvenli i\u015flemlere uygundur. A\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z do\u011fum karar\u0131nda annenin iste\u011fi yeterlidir.\u201d<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

Son y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki amans\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, doktor, ila\u00e7 kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve profesyonel derneklerin kendilerini bu i\u015fe adamalar\u0131, a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z do\u011fum isteyen gebe kad\u0131n i\u00e7in obstetrik anestezyi g\u00fcvenli bir alternatif haline getirmi\u015f ve do\u011fumu uzun y\u0131llar g\u00fczel bir an\u0131 olarak hat\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

\u00d6nerilen di\u011fer kaynaklar:<\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

1. History of Obstetric Anesthesia. In Obstetric Anesthesia. Chestnut D.H. Mosby; 1999.<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

2.The Work of Sir JY Simpson.. Volume II. Editor: Simpson WG. Adam and Charles Black, 1871.<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

3. Mrs Longfellow. Selected Letters and Journals of Family Appleton Longfellow (1817-1861).  Editor: Wagenknecht, E. Longmans, Greens, 1956.<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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Bir sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n

Do\u011fum s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u011fr\u0131<\/a><\/span><\/b>
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Do\u011fum en erken yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihten beri a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131, hayat\u0131 tehdit eden ve korkulu bir olay olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve son y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar bu \u00f6zelli\u011fini korumu\u015ftur. 1800\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131nda eter ve kloroformun anestezik etkileri ke\u015ffedildikten sonra, \u0130ngiliz papazlar\u0131n\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011fu do\u011fum mucizesinde bu insan bulu\u015funun tanr\u0131n\u0131n iste\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 bir g\u00fcnah oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Tanr\u0131 do\u011fumun a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131n\u0131 isteseydi, \u00f6yle…<\/p>\n

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